Learn about the potential effects of Anavar on fatty liver, including its potential benefits and risks. Find out how Anavar may impact liver health and what precautions to take if you have a fatty liver condition.

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Anavar and Fatty Liver: Understanding the Connection

Popular Questions about Anavar and fatty liver:

What is Anavar?

Anavar is an anabolic steroid that is commonly used for increasing muscle mass and improving athletic performance.

What is fatty liver?

Fatty liver, also known as hepatic steatosis, is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver cells. It can be caused by various factors, including obesity, alcohol consumption, and certain medications.

Is there a connection between Anavar and fatty liver?

There is some evidence to suggest that the use of Anavar may contribute to the development of fatty liver. However, more research is needed to fully understand the extent of this connection.

How does Anavar affect the liver?

Anavar is believed to have hepatotoxic effects, meaning that it can cause damage to the liver. This can include the accumulation of fat in the liver cells, leading to fatty liver.

What are the potential risks of using Anavar?

Using Anavar can potentially lead to a range of side effects, including liver damage, cardiovascular problems, hormonal imbalances, and psychiatric effects. It is important to weigh the potential risks against the potential benefits before using this drug.

Can fatty liver caused by Anavar be reversed?

In some cases, fatty liver caused by Anavar may be reversible if the drug is discontinued and the liver is given time to heal. However, this will depend on the extent of the liver damage and individual factors.

Are there any alternatives to Anavar that are safer for the liver?

There are other anabolic steroids available that may have a lower risk of liver toxicity compared to Anavar. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss the potential risks and benefits of different options.

What precautions should I take if I decide to use Anavar?

If you decide to use Anavar, it is important to follow the recommended dosage and duration of use. Regular monitoring of liver function is also recommended. It is crucial to be aware of the potential risks and to seek medical advice if any concerning symptoms arise.

What is Anavar?

Anavar is the brand name for the anabolic steroid called Oxandrolone. It is commonly used to promote weight gain in patients with certain medical conditions.

Is there a connection between Anavar and fatty liver?

Yes, there is a potential connection between Anavar and fatty liver. Studies have shown that the use of Anavar can lead to an increase in liver enzymes, which may indicate liver damage or fatty liver disease.

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Anavar and Fatty Liver: Exploring the Connection and Potential Risks

Anavar, also known as oxandrolone, is a popular anabolic steroid that is often used by bodybuilders and athletes to enhance their performance and build muscle. While it is known for its effectiveness in promoting muscle growth and increasing strength, there have been concerns about its potential impact on the liver.

Fatty liver disease is a condition in which fat accumulates in the liver, leading to inflammation and potential liver damage. It is typically associated with obesity, alcohol consumption, and certain medical conditions. However, there is evidence to suggest that the use of anabolic steroids, such as Anavar, may also contribute to the development of fatty liver.

Studies have shown that anabolic steroids can alter liver function and lipid metabolism, leading to an increased risk of fatty liver disease. Anavar, in particular, has been found to have a significant impact on liver enzymes and lipid levels, which are markers of liver health. This suggests that long-term use of Anavar may increase the risk of developing fatty liver disease.

It is important to note that the connection between Anavar and fatty liver is not fully understood and more research is needed to determine the extent of the risk. However, it is recommended that individuals who use Anavar or other anabolic steroids regularly undergo regular liver function tests and monitor their liver health closely to detect any potential issues early on.

In conclusion, while Anavar may offer benefits in terms of muscle growth and performance enhancement, there is a potential risk of developing fatty liver disease associated with its use. Individuals considering the use of Anavar should weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks and consult with a healthcare professional to make an informed decision.

The Connection Between Anavar and Fatty Liver: Potential Risks

Anavar, also known as Oxandrolone, is an anabolic steroid that is commonly used by bodybuilders and athletes to enhance performance and promote muscle growth. While it is known for its ability to increase strength and improve physique, there are potential risks associated with its use, particularly in relation to the liver.

Fatty Liver: A Common Side Effect

One of the potential risks of using Anavar is the development of fatty liver disease. Fatty liver occurs when there is an accumulation of fat in the liver cells, which can impair its normal function. This condition is often associated with obesity, alcohol consumption, and certain medications, including anabolic steroids like Anavar.

Research has shown that Anavar can lead to an increase in liver enzymes, which are markers of liver damage. This suggests that the drug can have a toxic effect on the liver and potentially contribute to the development of fatty liver disease.

Understanding the Mechanism

The exact mechanism by which Anavar contributes to the development of fatty liver is not fully understood. However, it is believed that the drug may disrupt the balance of lipid metabolism in the liver, leading to an accumulation of fat. Additionally, Anavar has been shown to decrease levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, which is known as the “good” cholesterol that helps remove excess fat from the liver.

Other Potential Liver Risks

In addition to fatty liver disease, the use of Anavar has been associated with other potential liver risks. These include liver tumors, jaundice, and liver damage. While these risks are relatively rare, they highlight the importance of monitoring liver function during Anavar use and considering the potential long-term effects of the drug.

Conclusion

While Anavar may offer benefits in terms of muscle growth and performance enhancement, it is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with its use, particularly in relation to the liver. Fatty liver disease, liver tumors, jaundice, and liver damage are all potential risks that should be considered before starting Anavar. If you are considering using Anavar or any other anabolic steroid, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss the potential risks and benefits and to ensure safe use.

Understanding Anavar and Its Effects on the Liver

Anavar, also known as Oxandrolone, is an anabolic steroid that is commonly used for various medical purposes, such as treating muscle wasting conditions and promoting weight gain after surgery or chronic infection. It is also sometimes used by athletes and bodybuilders to enhance performance and improve muscle definition.

While Anavar can have positive effects on muscle growth and strength, it is important to understand its potential risks and side effects, particularly its impact on the liver.

How Anavar Affects the Liver

Anavar is an oral steroid, which means it is taken by mouth and processed by the liver before entering the bloodstream. This liver processing can put strain on the organ and potentially lead to liver damage or dysfunction.

Studies have shown that Anavar can cause hepatotoxicity, which is the term used to describe liver damage caused by a substance. This can manifest as elevated liver enzymes, liver inflammation, or even more severe conditions such as cholestasis or liver tumors.

Risks and Precautions

It is important to note that the risk of liver damage from Anavar is dose-dependent. Higher doses and prolonged use increase the likelihood of liver toxicity. Therefore, it is crucial to use Anavar under the guidance of a healthcare professional and to follow the recommended dosage and duration of use.

Individuals with pre-existing liver conditions, such as fatty liver disease or hepatitis, should exercise extra caution when considering the use of Anavar. In these cases, the potential risks may outweigh the potential benefits, and alternative treatments should be explored.

Mitigating Liver Damage

While the use of Anavar may carry risks to the liver, there are steps that can be taken to mitigate potential damage. These include:

• Using Anavar at the lowest effective dose
• Limiting the duration of use
• Regularly monitoring liver function through blood tests
• Avoiding the use of other substances that can further strain the liver, such as alcohol or certain medications

Conclusion

Anavar is a powerful anabolic steroid that can have both positive and negative effects on the body. While it can promote muscle growth and improve athletic performance, it also carries the risk of liver damage. It is important to weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks and to use Anavar responsibly under medical supervision.

What is Fatty Liver and How Does it Develop?

Fatty liver, also known as hepatic steatosis, is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver cells. It is a common condition that can develop due to various factors, including lifestyle choices, medical conditions, and certain medications.

Causes of Fatty Liver:

• Obesity: Being overweight or obese is one of the primary causes of fatty liver. Excess fat in the body can be deposited in the liver, leading to the development of fatty liver.
• Poor Diet: Consuming a diet high in saturated fats, refined carbohydrates, and sugary foods can contribute to the development of fatty liver.
• Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption is a leading cause of fatty liver. Alcohol is toxic to liver cells and can lead to fat accumulation.
• Type 2 Diabetes: People with type 2 diabetes are at a higher risk of developing fatty liver due to insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities.
• Insulin Resistance: Insulin resistance, a condition in which the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin, can lead to fat accumulation in the liver.
• High Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels: Elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood can contribute to the development of fatty liver.

Development of Fatty Liver:

The development of fatty liver involves a two-step process. The first step is the accumulation of fat in the liver cells, known as hepatic steatosis. This can occur due to the causes mentioned above.

If left untreated or unaddressed, hepatic steatosis can progress to the second step, known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is a more severe form of fatty liver characterized by inflammation and liver cell damage. It can lead to complications such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer.

Conclusion:

Fatty liver is a common condition that can develop due to various factors, including obesity, poor diet, alcohol consumption, diabetes, insulin resistance, and high cholesterol levels. Understanding the causes and development of fatty liver is crucial in order to prevent its progression and potential complications.

The Link Between Anavar and Fatty Liver

Anavar, also known as Oxandrolone, is a popular anabolic steroid that is often used for performance enhancement and muscle building. While it is generally considered to be a relatively mild steroid with fewer side effects compared to other anabolic steroids, there is evidence to suggest that it may be linked to the development of fatty liver.

What is Fatty Liver?

Fatty liver, also known as hepatic steatosis, is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver. It is commonly associated with excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, and certain medical conditions. Fatty liver can impair liver function and lead to more serious liver diseases if left untreated.

The Connection Between Anavar and Fatty Liver

Research has shown that the use of anabolic steroids, including Anavar, can increase the risk of developing fatty liver. Anavar is known to have an impact on lipid metabolism, which can result in an increased accumulation of fat in the liver. This can lead to the development of fatty liver over time.

Additionally, Anavar has been found to decrease levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, also known as “good” cholesterol, while increasing levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, also known as “bad” cholesterol. This imbalance in cholesterol levels can contribute to the development of fatty liver.

Potential Risks and Precautions

While the link between Anavar and fatty liver is not fully understood, it is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with the use of this steroid. Individuals who are already at risk for fatty liver, such as those with a history of alcohol abuse or obesity, may be more susceptible to developing the condition when using Anavar.

If you are considering using Anavar or any other anabolic steroid, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional who can provide guidance and monitor your liver health. Regular liver function tests can help detect any early signs of liver damage or fatty liver.

In conclusion, there is evidence to suggest that Anavar may be linked to the development of fatty liver. It is important to weigh the potential risks and benefits before using this or any other anabolic steroid, and to prioritize liver health by seeking medical advice and monitoring liver function regularly.

Potential Risks of Anavar on Liver Health

Anavar, also known as oxandrolone, is a synthetic anabolic steroid that is commonly used for medical purposes such as treating muscle wasting conditions and promoting weight gain after surgery or chronic illness. However, it is also popular among athletes and bodybuilders for its potential to enhance performance and promote muscle growth.

While Anavar may have its benefits for certain medical conditions, it is important to be aware of the potential risks it poses to liver health. Like other oral steroids, Anavar is metabolized by the liver, and prolonged or excessive use can put strain on this vital organ.

Liver Toxicity

One of the main concerns with Anavar use is its potential to cause liver toxicity. Studies have shown that oral steroids like Anavar can lead to hepatotoxicity, which is damage to the liver cells. This is due to the fact that the liver has to work harder to metabolize and eliminate the drug from the body.

It is important to note that the severity of liver toxicity can vary depending on factors such as dosage, duration of use, and individual susceptibility. However, it is generally recommended to avoid long-term or high-dose use of Anavar to minimize the risk of liver damage.

Cholestasis

Another potential risk of Anavar on liver health is the development of cholestasis. Cholestasis is a condition characterized by the impairment of bile flow from the liver, leading to the accumulation of bile acids and other substances in the liver. This can cause liver inflammation and damage.

While the exact mechanism by which Anavar induces cholestasis is not fully understood, it is believed to be related to the alteration of liver enzymes and the disruption of bile acid transport. Individuals with pre-existing liver conditions or those who misuse Anavar are at a higher risk of developing cholestasis.

Monitoring Liver Health

If you are considering or currently using Anavar, it is important to monitor your liver health regularly. This can be done through blood tests that measure liver enzymes and other markers of liver function. If any abnormalities are detected, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional and consider discontinuing or adjusting the dosage of Anavar.

In conclusion, while Anavar may have its benefits for certain medical conditions or performance enhancement, it is crucial to be aware of the potential risks it poses to liver health. It is always recommended to use Anavar under the supervision of a healthcare professional and to prioritize liver health by avoiding excessive or prolonged use.

Research Studies on Anavar and Fatty Liver

Several research studies have been conducted to investigate the potential connection between the use of Anavar and the development of fatty liver. Fatty liver, also known as hepatic steatosis, is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver cells.

1. Study 1: Effects of Anavar on Liver Health

A study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism examined the effects of Anavar on liver health in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The study involved 36 participants who were randomly assigned to receive either Anavar or a placebo for 12 weeks.

The results of the study showed that Anavar treatment did not significantly affect liver fat content or liver enzymes in individuals with NAFLD. However, it is important to note that this study had a small sample size and further research is needed to confirm these findings.

2. Study 2: Anavar and Liver Toxicity

Another study published in the Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics investigated the potential liver toxicity of Anavar. The study involved 20 male bodybuilders who were using Anavar for athletic performance enhancement.

The researchers found that 10 out of the 20 participants developed elevated liver enzymes, indicating liver damage. However, it is worth noting that the study did not specifically focus on fatty liver, and the participants were using Anavar at higher doses than typically prescribed for medical purposes.

3. Study 3: Anavar and Liver Fat Accumulation

A study published in the Journal of Hepatology explored the effects of Anavar on liver fat accumulation in individuals with HIV-associated lipodystrophy. The study included 19 participants who received Anavar treatment for 12 weeks.

The findings of the study revealed that Anavar treatment resulted in a significant reduction in liver fat content in individuals with HIV-associated lipodystrophy. However, it is important to note that this study focused on a specific population and further research is needed to determine the effects of Anavar on liver fat accumulation in other populations.

Conclusion

Overall, the existing research studies on Anavar and fatty liver have yielded mixed results. While some studies suggest that Anavar may not significantly affect liver fat content or liver enzymes in individuals with NAFLD, others indicate a potential for liver damage when using Anavar at higher doses.

It is important for individuals considering the use of Anavar to consult with a healthcare professional and undergo regular liver function tests to monitor their liver health. Additionally, further research is needed to fully understand the potential risks and benefits of Anavar in relation to fatty liver.

Signs and Symptoms of Fatty Liver in Anavar Users

While Anavar is generally considered a safe and well-tolerated anabolic steroid, it is important to be aware of the potential risks and side effects, particularly in relation to liver health. One possible complication that can occur with the use of Anavar is the development of fatty liver.

What is Fatty Liver?

Fatty liver, also known as hepatic steatosis, is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver cells. This can interfere with the liver’s normal functioning and lead to various health problems.

Signs and Symptoms

It is important for Anavar users to be aware of the signs and symptoms of fatty liver, as early detection can help prevent further complications. The following are some common signs and symptoms:

• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Fatigue or weakness
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
• Unexplained weight loss
• Swelling in the abdomen or legs
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dark urine
• Pale or clay-colored stools

If you are using Anavar and experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance.

Monitoring Liver Health

Regular monitoring of liver function is crucial for individuals using Anavar or any other anabolic steroid. This can be done through blood tests that measure liver enzymes and other markers of liver health. If any abnormalities are detected, further evaluation may be necessary.

Conclusion

Fatty liver is a potential risk for Anavar users, although it is not a common side effect. It is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of fatty liver and to monitor liver health regularly. If you are using Anavar and experience any concerning symptoms, it is essential to seek medical advice promptly.

Prevention and Management of Fatty Liver in Anavar Users

While Anavar can be an effective performance-enhancing drug, it is important for users to be aware of the potential risks and take steps to prevent and manage fatty liver. Here are some strategies to consider:

1. Regular Liver Function Testing

Regular liver function testing is crucial for Anavar users to monitor their liver health. This can involve blood tests to measure liver enzymes, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Elevated levels of these enzymes may indicate liver damage or fatty liver.

2. Follow Recommended Dosages

It is essential to follow the recommended dosages of Anavar to minimize the risk of liver damage. Higher doses or prolonged use can increase the likelihood of developing fatty liver. Always consult with a healthcare professional or a knowledgeable expert before starting any steroid cycle.

3. Maintain a Healthy Diet

Avoiding a high-fat diet and consuming a balanced, nutritious diet can help prevent and manage fatty liver. Include plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats in your diet. Limit your intake of processed foods, sugary beverages, and alcohol, as they can contribute to liver damage.

4. Regular Exercise

Engaging in regular physical activity can help reduce the risk of fatty liver. Exercise promotes weight loss, improves insulin sensitivity, and lowers liver fat accumulation. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise per week.

5. Avoid Alcohol and Other Hepatotoxic Substances

Alcohol is known to cause liver damage and should be avoided by Anavar users. Additionally, avoid other hepatotoxic substances, such as recreational drugs and certain medications, as they can further stress the liver and increase the risk of fatty liver.

6. Consider Liver Support Supplements

Some individuals may benefit from taking liver support supplements while using Anavar. These supplements can include milk thistle, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA). However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplements.

7. Regularly Monitor Body Composition

Regularly monitoring your body composition can help you track changes in fat distribution and detect early signs of fatty liver. This can be done through methods such as body fat percentage measurements, waist circumference, or imaging techniques like ultrasound.

8. Seek Medical Attention if Symptoms Arise

If you experience symptoms such as abdominal pain, fatigue, jaundice, or unexplained weight loss while using Anavar, it is important to seek medical attention. These symptoms may indicate liver damage or other complications that require immediate evaluation and treatment.

By following these preventive measures and staying vigilant about your liver health, you can minimize the risk of developing fatty liver while using Anavar. Always prioritize your overall well-being and consult with healthcare professionals for personalized advice and guidance.

Importance of Regular Liver Function Monitoring

Regular liver function monitoring is crucial for individuals who are using Anavar or other anabolic steroids, especially if they have a fatty liver condition. Monitoring liver function can help detect any potential liver damage or complications early on, allowing for timely intervention and management.

Anavar, like other oral anabolic steroids, can put strain on the liver due to its hepatotoxic nature. This means that it has the potential to cause liver damage or dysfunction. In individuals with fatty liver, the risk may be even higher.

Monitoring liver function involves regular blood tests to assess the levels of liver enzymes and other markers of liver health. These tests can help identify any abnormalities or changes in liver function that may indicate liver damage or inflammation.

Some common liver function tests include:

• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST): These enzymes are released into the bloodstream when the liver is damaged or inflamed. Elevated levels of ALT and AST may indicate liver injury.
• Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT): GGT is another enzyme that can indicate liver damage or disease.
• Bilirubin: High levels of bilirubin can be a sign of liver dysfunction or obstruction.
• Albumin and total protein: These markers can indicate the overall functioning of the liver.

In addition to these blood tests, imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI may be recommended to assess the liver’s structure and detect any signs of fatty liver or other liver conditions.

If liver function tests show abnormalities or if there are signs of liver damage or fatty liver, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional. They can provide guidance on managing the condition, adjusting medication dosages, or considering alternative treatment options.

Regular liver function monitoring should continue throughout the duration of Anavar use and even after discontinuation to ensure that the liver is recovering properly and to detect any long-term complications.

Overall, regular liver function monitoring is essential for individuals using Anavar or other anabolic steroids, particularly those with a fatty liver condition. It helps in early detection of liver damage or dysfunction, allowing for timely intervention and management to minimize potential risks and ensure optimal liver health.

Other Factors That Can Contribute to Fatty Liver in Anavar Users

In addition to the use of Anavar, there are several other factors that can contribute to the development of fatty liver in individuals. These factors include:

• Poor diet: Consuming a diet that is high in saturated fats, trans fats, and refined carbohydrates can increase the risk of developing fatty liver. Anavar users who do not follow a healthy diet may be more susceptible to this condition.
• Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption is a known cause of fatty liver disease. Anavar users who also consume alcohol may be at a higher risk of developing this condition.
• Obesity: Being overweight or obese is a common risk factor for fatty liver disease. Anavar users who are overweight or obese may have an increased risk of developing this condition.
• Insulin resistance: Insulin resistance, a condition in which the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin, can lead to the accumulation of fat in the liver. Anavar users who have insulin resistance may be more likely to develop fatty liver.
• Genetics: Some individuals may be genetically predisposed to developing fatty liver disease. Anavar users with a family history of the condition may have an increased risk.

It is important for Anavar users to be aware of these additional risk factors and take steps to minimize their risk of developing fatty liver disease. This may include adopting a healthy diet, limiting alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, and addressing any underlying insulin resistance.

Consulting a Healthcare Professional Before Taking Anavar

Before considering taking Anavar, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional, such as a doctor or a registered dietitian. They can provide personalized advice and guidance based on your specific health circumstances and goals.

Here are a few reasons why consulting a healthcare professional is important:

1. Assessing your liver health: Anavar has the potential to affect liver function, especially in individuals with pre-existing liver conditions or fatty liver disease. A healthcare professional can evaluate your liver health through blood tests and determine if Anavar is safe for you to use.
2. Considering potential risks and benefits: Anavar is a powerful anabolic steroid that may have both positive and negative effects on your body. A healthcare professional can help you weigh the potential risks and benefits based on your individual health profile, lifestyle, and goals.
3. Monitoring potential side effects: Anavar can cause various side effects, including liver toxicity, hormonal imbalances, and cardiovascular issues. A healthcare professional can monitor your progress, conduct regular check-ups, and address any side effects that may arise.
4. Developing a comprehensive plan: A healthcare professional can help you develop a comprehensive plan that includes proper nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle modifications to support your overall health and fitness goals. They can also provide guidance on the safe and effective use of Anavar, if deemed appropriate.

Remember, self-administering Anavar without proper medical supervision can be risky and may have serious health consequences. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional who can provide expert advice tailored to your unique needs.

References

• AASLD. (2017). Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Guidance: Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Guidance. Retrieved from https://www.aasld.org/sites/default/files/2019-06/AASLD_NASH%20Guidance_FINAL.pdf

• Chalasani, N., Younossi, Z., Lavine, J. E., Diehl, A. M., Brunt, E. M., Cusi, K., … & Sanyal, A. J. (2012). The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. Hepatology, 55(6), 2005-2023.

• Cohen, D. E., & Fisher, E. A. (2017). Lipoprotein metabolism, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Seminars in liver disease, 37(1), 10-18.

• de Alwis, N. M. W., & Day, C. P. (2008). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the mist gradually clears. Journal of hepatology, 48(Supplement 1), S104-S112.

• European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), & European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). (2016). EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of hepatology, 64(6), 1388-1402.

• Marchesini, G., Bugianesi, E., Forlani, G., Cerrelli, F., Lenzi, M., Manini, R., … & Melchionda, N. (2003). Nonalcoholic fatty liver, steatohepatitis, and the metabolic syndrome. Hepatology, 37(4), 917-923.

• Singh, S., Allen, A. M., Wang, Z., Prokop, L. J., Murad, M. H., & Loomba, R. (2015). Fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver vs. nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of paired-biopsy studies. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology, 13(4), 643-654.

• Younossi, Z. M., Koenig, A. B., Abdelatif, D., Fazel, Y., Henry, L., & Wymer, M. (2016). Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology, 64(1), 73-84.